Alibaba Is A Business To Business Company Marketing Essay

Alibaba Is A Business To Business Company Marketing Essay Alibaba.com is regarded as a dominant player and a high-growth company due to its large membership base and its phenomenal growth. Its total registered user base grew from 6.0 million in 2004 to 19.6 million in 2006. In the same vein, it registered a cumulative annual growth rate of 94.8% in 2006 alone. One of its major competitors in the international marketplace B2B giant Global Sources, which has an online directory of many other B2B services it offered, such as print business directories and exhibitions, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 7). However, Alibaba.com has various strengths which served as its competitive advantages over Global Sources and other competitors. Indeed, Alibaba.com should continue in being a dominant player in the B2B eCommerce industry. Among all the upcoming B2B in china, Alibaba.com has received much despite not been listed in NASDAQ .In 2001 the company was featured by Forbes as its cover story also selected as the only firm on the Forbes Best of the Web:B2B list founded in china (Doebele,2000).By 2002 the Alibaba.com was selected and featured by Forbes again as its only Best of the Web:B2B in the month of September.(Qin Hu et al.,2004). 1. 0 Background 1.1 What is Alibaba.com Alibaba.com was founded in June 1999 by Jack Ma and eighteen other founders (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 3). It is a business-to-business portal which allows suppliers of everything from 176 countries to connect with buyers around the world. (Bi, 2002). The Companys founder Jack Ma was nominated as one of the 100 Global Leaders for Tomorrow by the World Economic Forum and was honored as a recipient in the Asian Business Association Business Leadership Award in 2001, on the 27 December 2001 with the registered 1,000,000 Alibaba.com member, which became the only B2B Webster with 1,000,000 registered business members from 202 countries. (Qin Hu et al., 2004) Since inaugurating its website in simplified Chinese to serve the Chinese mainland market in 1999 (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 3), it has now become worlds largest online business-to-business global trading marketplace, with 2.5 million and 14 million registered users in its international and Chinese domestic marketplaces respectively , (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). Based on the number of registered users and market share by revenue at the end of the second quarter of 2007, Alihaba.com was considered as the largest online B2B company in China. The international marketplace was served through its English language website which caters to global importers and exporters (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). On the other hand, the China marketplace was served by its Chinese language website, Alibaba.com which caters to domestic suppliers and buyers (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4).Alibaba.com online transaction basically has six levels as describe CTO,John Wu which are information exchange, negotiation, price bargaining, shipping, insurance, inspection and customs processing and payment. As its lowest level that Alibaba.com operates. In other words it only provides an information platform on which the buyers and sellers meet and post business information.(Qin Hu et al 2004). Farhoomand (2008, p. 4) explains that the business model of Alibaba.com centers on the use of the marketplace by suppliers and buyers who would establish their presence online, identify potential trading partners and conduct business with each other. Farhoomand (2008, p. 4) describes the manner by which the Alibaba.com interface is used by suppliers and buyers in China and around the world in their trading activities: , Suppliers and some buyers would use the marketplaces to host their company profiles and catalogues in standardised formats known as storefronts and post listings such as products, services and trade leads. Users could view storefronts and listings in over 30 industry categories and nearly 5,000 product categories by either searching for keywords or browsing through the online industry directory. (Farhoomand 2008, p. 4). Figure 1 presents the value proposition of Alibaba.com and the manner by which it effectively facilitates the conduct of trade within the context of B2B commerce. Figure 1 Alibaba.coms Value Proposition Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 17) Figure 2 below shows the typical process of trade in Alibaba.com. Suppliers and buyers were able to successfully establish large online comminutes in Alibaba.com which features active listings, enquiry exchanges, instant messaging, discussion forums and other user-friendly community features, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). Figure 2 A Typical Trading Process in Alibaba.com Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 17) Although Alibaba.com offers free basic services to its all its registered members, it generates is revues from the services purchased by suppliers which include membership packages that provided priority placement of storefronts and listings in the industry directory and search results, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 5). These suppliers are charged from their subscription to value-added services which include: (1) purchase of additional keywords which help improve their search result rankings; and (2) premium placement on Alibaba.coms web pages (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 5). 1.2 Why Should Alibaba.com be Considered a High Growth Company? Alibaba.com should be considered as a high-growth company due to its large membership base and its phenomenal growth. Its total registered user base grew from 6.0 million in 2004 to 19.6 million in 2006. In the same vein, the total number of its paying members grew from 77,922 in 2004 to 219, 098 in 2006. Figures 3 and 4 below show the growth in the number of Alibaba.coms registered users and paying members, respectively. . Figure 3 Growth in the Number of Alibaba.coms Registered Users from 2004 to 2006. Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 5). Figure 4 Growth in the Number of Alibaba.coms Paying Members from 2004 to 2006. By the end of 2007, Alibaba.com has already successfully captured 50% of the market share of Chinas online e-commerce revenue (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 19). Figure 5 below presents the market share of Chinas online e-Commerce Market by Revenue. Basically the pie chart demonstrated how successful Alibaba.com has been able to stay above its major competitors by seizing half of the market share. Figure 5 Market Share of Chinas Online E-Commerce Market by Revenue Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 19). Moreover, its phenomenal growth in the B2B industry is buttressed by its impressive financial standing. By the end of 2004, its annual revenues totaled US$48.3 million, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 5). With a cumulative annual growth rate of 94.8%, its annual revenues amounted to US$183.2 million at the end of 2006. Figure 6 below presents the financial data of Alibaba.com from 2004-2007. Figure 6 Financial Data of Alibaba.com from 2004-2007 Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 5) 1.3 Who is Jack Ma? Jack Ma is the founder and chairman of Alibaba.com and is a native of Hangzhou, which is situated approximately 100 miles southwest of Shanghai, where the companys headquarters resided (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 3). Jack Ma is one of the first entrepreneurs to develop e-commerce in China, (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). He, together with his partners have successfully established the following: (1) first internet commercial website in China; (2) a B2B marketplace platform for suppliers and buyers around the word; (3) the worlds first on-line credit platform for companies, called the Trust Pass (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). Jack Ma grew up during Chinas Cultural Revolution and became fascinated in learning English at the tender age of 12, (Farhoomand, 2008, pp. 3-4; Fannin, 2008). For eight years, he rode 40 minutes every morning on his bicycle to a hotel near the West Lake and practised his English by giving free tour guides to foreigners, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). Later, when he decided to pursue a degree in education out of his desire to teach English to high school students, he flunked his admission exam twice for a University, prior top being accepted at Hangzhou Teachers University, (Fannin, 2008). After graduating, he was offered a teaching job with a rate of 100 to 120 renminbi, which is equivalent to USD $12 to $15 per month, (Fannin, 2008). Then in 1995, he was employed by the Chinese government to settle a dispute between a Chinese firm and its US partner, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). The US partner held Ma captive at gunpoint for two days before he regained his freedom by agreeing to become a p artner in an internet startup in China, even though he had no concept of the internet at all, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). During the same year, Ma joined a trade delegation in Seattle as an interpreter wherein a friend showed him a computer with an internet connection (Fannin, 2008; Farhoomand, 2008). There, he was surprised to find out that nothing turned up in the search results when he searched for the word China. This prompted Ma and his friend to set-up a website and name it China Pages ((Fannin, 2008). Upon his return to China, he borrowed $2,000 to establish China Pages which shared a strikingly similar ideology with Alibaba.com: to list Chinese companies on the internet and help foreigners find their websites, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). However, China Telecom bought out his stake which eventually forced him to return to civil service. In 1998, he started to resume work on his vision of connecting Chinese companies to the world through the internet. Then, in December of that same year, Ma finally realised his vision with the establishment of Alibaba.com, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4; Fannin, 2008). Indeed, Ma had the makings of a successful business leader. Under his leadership, Alibaba.com became a leading B2B marketplace which have successfully attracted more than 17million registered members in 220 countries globally, with daily postings exceeding 35 million, making Alibaba.com the most active Internet marketplace and B2B community worldwide, (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). 1.4 What is the Basis for the Report? This report is primarily based on secondary data obtained from the case study undertaken by Farhoomand (2008) and from other relevant online and offline sources. This study did not use any primary research methods such as interviews in gathering information about Alibaba.com. 2.0 The beginning of Alibaba.com Jack Ma officially launched Alibaba.com online in December 1998, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 3). Alibaba.com originally served as a bulletin board service for businesses to post buy and sell trade leads. Jack Ma and 18 other founders established the Alibaba group in June, 1999, which is the parent company. It first served clients domestically (Farhoomand, 2008,p.3). 2.1 The Opportunity In 1995, while in Seattle, Jack Ma made his first contact with the computer and internet and was shocked to find out that no search results could be found for the keyword China. Together with a friend, Ma decided to set up an online company and name it China pages. In 1998, upon his return to China, he launched China Pages which featured a list of companies on the internet and help foreigners find their websites, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). After three months, Ma and his team established Alibaba China which was a major operating subsidiary in China and which served to carry out the business of operating B2B marketplaces, ((Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). After three more months, three more sites were set up by the team, which include: (1) an English site for international users; (2) a Korean site for Korean users; and (3) a traditional Chinese site for Chinese users outside China ((Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). 2.2 Competitive Environment Even during its infancy, Alibaba.com has already been faced with stiff competition from rivals based domestically and internationally, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 7). One of its major competitors in the international marketplace B2B giant Global Sources, which has an online directory of many other B2B services it offered, such as print business directories and exhibitions, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 7). Global Sources was first established in Hong Kong in 1971 as a monthly trade magazine for consumer products made in Asia for export to Western markets , (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 7). As of the end of September 2007, Global Sources already has a community of over 647,000 buyers and 160,000 suppliers (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 7).Moreover, Global Sources has successfully : (1) enabled suppliers to sell to hard-to-reach buyers in over 230 countries; (2) delivered information on two million products annually; (3) operated 14 online marketplaces that delivered more than 23 million sales leads annually; (4) pu blished 13 monthly magazines and over 100 sourcing research reports per year; and (5) organised nine trade-specific exhibitions that ran 22 times a year across seven cities, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 7). Farhoomand (2008, p. 7) explains that Global Sources could be considered as a serious threat to Alibaba.com because its revenue source was shifting online, as evidenced by its 2006 annual report demonstrating that online businesses generated over 40% of total revenue. Figure 7 below shows the contributors to Global Sources revenues for 2006. Figure 7 Contributors to Global Sources 2006 Revenues Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 8) 2.3 Strategic Review of the External Situation at Start up Ma only had to carry out very little analysis before launching Alibaba.com due to the structure of the B2B marketplace subsector at that time, which is characterised by a high national internet penetration rate and a robust growth of the Chinese online shopping market; the Chinese B2B eCommerce Market, the Chinese SME and usage of third party eCommerce among Chinese SMEs (Farhoomand, 2008). 2.4 What Competences were Required There were numerous competencies required in the establishment of Alibaba.com. First, it needs to posses the capacity to make its online marketplaces more effective for SMEs around the world, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 6). To do this, Alibaba.com needed to employ people with the necessary technical skills . Moreover, it needed to have people who could help it : (1) expand of it user base and active listing; and (2) enhance community experiences to further improve user loyalty and activity through continued development and introduction of new features and tools (Farhoomand, p. 7). 2.5 Summary of Alibaba.coms Early Years Alibaba.com was officially launched online in December 1998. On July 9, 1999, and September 9, 1999, Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd was founded in Hong Kong and Hangzhou, respectively (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). In October 1999, Goldman Sachs invested USD 5 million in Alibaba. (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). In October 2000, Alibaba launched the Gold Supplier membership scheme to serve Chinese exporters, followed in August 2001 by the launch of International TrustPass, a membership service catering to exporters outside China. China TrustPass was launched in March 2002 to serve SMEs engaged in domestic trade, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 3). 3.0 Alibaba.coms Development from 2002 2007 3.1 Evolution of Alibaba.com On March 2002, Alibaba China launched its TrustPass plan initiative, which made Alibaba the worlds first on-line credit business community, (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). By the end of that same year, Alibaba.com has successfully started making profits (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). After several years, in November 2007, Alibaba.com debuted on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising US$1.5 billion to become the worlds biggest internet offering since Googles initial public offering (IPO) in 2004, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 1). According to Qin Hu et al.,(2004) many other businesses owner believe that alibaba.com growth and impact will only become more prevailing in the future.Over the years the sale of goods on the internet by American firms is assumed to reach US$ 1.3 million by 2003.By 2004 the European online business to business sales is expected to be US$1.6 million compare to China largest population in the world. However some compa nies in euro are still probing this new source of revenue. 3.2 Understanding the Market and Their Target Customer Alibaba.com operates in a business environment whose structure is largely shaped by the following: (1) National internet penetration rate ; (2) Chinese online shopping market; (3) the Chinese B2B eCommerce Market; (4) the Chinese SME; and (5) usage of third party eCommerce among Chinese SMEs (Farhoomand, 2008). In terms of the national internet penetration rate, in 2007, China registered an internet penetration rate of 12.3% trailing after the US, Japan and South Korea, whose penetration rates were above 65% (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 2). However, Chinas internet penetration rate has been documented to grow at approximately three percentage points annually. Figure 8 shows Chinas internet penetration rate from 2002 to 2007. Figure 8 Chinas Internet Penetration Rate from 2002 to 2007 Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 10). In the same vein, Chinas online shopping market has also showed a rapid trend of growth (see Figure 9 below). Figure 9 Chinas Online Shopping Market from 2006 to 2007. Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 10). 4.0 The Future for Alibaba.com Just one after the IPO in 2007, Alibaba.com has already considered a venture with Softbank. Although the Japanese telecom giant disclosed no details regarding the venture, it was likely that Alibaba.com would expand its service to mobile users in Japan, a market that had been impenetrable to the Chinese e-commerce company, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 9). In China, Alibaba.com toppled EachNet, an older rival backed by global leader eBay, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 1). The future of Alibaba.com seems bright due to a combination of the positive influence of its competitive strengths and effective strategies. According to Farhoomand (2008), Alibaba.com has numerous strengths which serve as its competitive advantages over its rivals. These strengths include the following: (1) it had effectively built a premier brand in the e-commerce domain, boasting the highest traffic among all online B2B marketplaces; (2) it focused exclusively on the highly lucrative SME sector; and provided tools and solutions tailored to SMEs, Alibaba.com was confident in the value proposition of their service offerings ; and (3) its sales force and customer service support in attracting and retaining users, especially those who paid for subscriptions, were excellent. 5.0 Conclusions The results of the critical examination of the various information regarding Alibaba.com, including its strengths and achievements only indicate that Alibaba.com should remain a dominant player in the B2B marketplace category of eCommerce. Its solid financial standing would help it whether the uncertainties of the future which is largely brought about by the stiff competition in the industry. Moreover, its sound and innovative business model is rather hard to copy, making it difficult for new entrants to compete with Alibaba.com. With respect to its key competitor, Global Sources, Alibaba.com only needs to continue to innovate and diversify its businesses in order to gain competitive advantage over Global Sources and other international rivals.

Outline + Evaluate Different Types of Attachment

‘Outline and evaluate different types of attachment’ Ainsworths ‘strange situation’ was developed as a tool to measure types of attachment in infants. The experiment was carried out in a purpose build playroom and children were observed with cameras. It consisted of several situations, standardised for all those who took part. Each condition involved variation of the presence of the mother and/or a stranger, over 3 minute intervals. During these different conditions, the child’s behaviour was monitored, assessing their exploratory behaviour, stranger anxiety, separation protest and reunion behaviour.From her study, Ainsworth identified three types of attachment, these were: secure, insecure- avoidant and insecure-resistant, she believes all infants can fit into these categories. A child with a secure attachment to the mother has high exploratory behaviour; they would explore happily when the mother is present and use her as a safe base. Stranger anxie ty would be seen, they would be wary and treat the stranger differently. There is a high level of separation protest, distress and crying was shown when the mother left, but they would easily be soothed when the mother was welcomed back on her return.On the other hand, a child with an insecure-avoidant attachment would be happy to explore, and there would be low stranger anxiety, the child would treat the stranger indifferently to the mother. Some separation protest can be shown, and the child may become distressed. However, when the mother returns they will carry on doing what they were before her return as they do not use the caregiver to provide comfort. Finally, those with an insecure-resistant attachment are less likely to show exploratory behaviour as they want attention from the caregiver.Intense stranger anxiety would be shown, as well as an intense separation protest, they would not be easily comforted by the mother on return, they would be angry and reject her. With this a ttachment, the child alternates between seeking closeness and wanting distance. Ainsworth suggested differences in attachment types are caused by the sensitivity of the mother, this is known as the ‘caregiver sensitivity hypothesis’. According to Ainsworth, a mother who is sensitive to the babies needs and correctly reads their social releasers, moods and feelings is likely to form a secure attachment with her child.An insecure- avoidant attachment would form if he mother is less sensitive and responsive, she may even ignore the baby, and be impatient with them. Finally, she believes that an insecure-resistant attachment would form if the mother is less sensitive and her response to her child is inconsistent, some days she may ignore the baby but the next day she may give the baby a lot of attention. However, Kagan argues that this theory puts too much emphasis on the role of the mother; he suggested attachments formed were due to the babies temperament, this is known a s the ‘temperament hypothesis’.Infact, in 1991, Fox found there was a strong relationship between attachment types towards both parents, supporting the claim that attachments relate to inbuilt temperament. Furthermore, a study carried out using meta-analysis in 1997 found a weak correlation of 0. 24 between type of attachment formed and sensitivity of the mother, showing Ainsworths theory of the development of attachment is weaker compared to Kagans. According to Kagan, a secure attachment between mother and child may be due to the baby having an ‘easy’ temperament, meaning they will have high activity and sociability.Furthermore, a baby with a ‘slow to warm up’ temperament is likely to form an insecure-avoidant attachment, and those with a ‘difficult’ temperament will have high emotionality, meaning an insecure-resistant attachment is most likely to form. However, Belsky and Rovin argued that individual differences in attachment r elate to both theories because different temperaments will present different challenges to the caregiver, a ‘slow to warm up’ baby would need more encouragement, which may influence the formation of a secure attachment.In addition, the method used in the ‘strange situation’ has been a useful tool, giving a great deal of information about a baby’s attachment in little time. It is also easy to replicate and has led to a rapid increase in the amount of research carried out, many finding similar results, suggesting the experiment is a reliable method to study attachment behaviours. However, the research lacks validity because of the unfamiliar surroundings, these may cause demand characteristics as the baby may be intimidated and act differently as a result.However, some say it may still be valid because children experience this on a regular basis when being left with a babysitter or at a nursery. Furthermore, there are ethical issues because the unfamil iar environment, separation from the mother and interaction with the stranger can cause mental distress for the baby. Finally, there is also the concern that not all babies can fit into the categories of attachment created, which is why a fourth one was added in 1986 called ‘disorganised attachment’ where babies behaviour was inconsistent.

Analyze the Effect of Education on the Development

Analyze the Effect of Education on the Development of Countries Education can teach us how to be a real man, how to get along with others in the society and also can make talents to let countries’ power stronger. Education can have significant effects on the development of a country. It is mainly reflected in three aspects. The first is the economic growth, the second is the population and employment in society and the third is stability and fair in politic. In addition, this essay will also show education of different levels has impacts on different aspects of different countries. Universal education has a significant effect on developing economy growth of countries. Developed educational system is better than undeveloped educational system to economic increase. An example of successful developed educational system can be found in China and India. More than 30 percent population of the world lives in China and India totally, and most of them are still stay in poverty. Facing such a large problem, Chinese government enacted Nine-Year Compulsory Education Policy to improve the quality of primary education, and Indian government provides more educated chances for girls and women. With more and more people being educated, the economy of two countries increases dramatically. One of the reasons is that educated farmers who can read the agriculture instructions get more skills to farm well, which results in a growth in agricultural productivity (Brown, 2008). These educated farmers know how to water, apply fertilizer more efficiently, and finally they harvest more crops which results in a higher income. Dollar and Gatti’s research (1999) illustrates that increase one percentage point chances for women with secondary education results in a 0. percentage points for a country’s annual per capita increase. To sum up, it would appear that economic growth and developed education system cannot be separated. The more investment in education system, the more positive influences be reflected in the economy increase. Compared with developed education system, undeveloped educational system has an opposite consequence that is economy decline. Firstly, children who are not educated as well as their children will stay at low class, which is the reason why the gap between poverty and wealth becomes wider. Naturally, if a country has a large amount of destitute people, the economy is decreasing (Brown, 2008). Next, it is unreasonable for government to pay less attention to education, because there is a close connection between less education, poverty and instability. Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya said (2008):†Illiteracy and innumeracy are a greater threat to humanity than terrorism. † That means no education is a source of instability. It is possible that most violence and conflicts are caused by the poor, because they are lacking of food, clothes, fresh water and their homeland. They do not have enough knowledge to protect themselves and they do not know where they can get justice. Finally they will have to take such violent means to seek their own interests, and it leads to serious consequence, such as the war. The two different countries that conduct different education systems have opposite results in higher education. Mauritius is a small island which is connected with Tanzania surrounded by the Indian Ocean. Numerous nature resources can be made use of by Tanzania, such as gold, gas, diamonds, tin, and coal while Mauritius does not have (Bloom et al. 006). With these disadvantages, Mauritius government intensifies their efforts to increase the chances for children being educated and the quality of higher education. The UIS cited in Higher Education (2005) suggests that half of the populace in Mauritius are tertiary students, and the number is increasing from 1 per cent in 1985 to 15 per cent now (TFHE cited in Higher Education, 2000). The system also lays a foundation for the primary and secondary education, and the subjects of university are added to meet the needs of students (2005). In contrast, the government of Tanzania does not pay attention to higher education, and the gap between female students and male students is wider, more male students. The subjects connected with science are not performed well by students. Finally, Mauritius has a high per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of $12,800 and it is still growing dramatically. In contrast, the GDP in Tanzania is lower, no more than $700. Today Mauritius has become a middle-income nation since 1960 while Tanzania is still one of the poorest countries in the world (Bloom, 2005). It appears that education can help dispose of poverty. If a country has an appetite to be stronger, the government must invest more time and energy in education system. As well as affecting the economy, education also affect on the society. Women’s education, which affects the population growth rate, has strong impact on fertility. Women who have a good education will consider their own targets and will spend more time in achieving the target, which could lead to them having fewer children, and the fertility will be lower. Ethiopia is a dramatic example of this. Besides Population Reference Bureau (2007) shows that Ethiopian women without education have an average of 6. 1 children. In contrast, women with at least a secondary education have an average of 2. 0 children. Moreover, woman who receives high level education will think over the family’s expenses and social burden. So well educated women know how much will they undertake for a child as a parent. Cleland and Kaufmann (1993) argue that attempting to explain the relationship between education and fertility should pay more attention to distinguishing the determinants of reproductive decision making. To sum up, women’s education is the emphasis for fertility. Education, which can increase the children’s health and decrease the number of disease, is one of the most important factors for mortality. The population growth rate is fertility plus mortality. Hence both fertility and mortality should be low. Firstly, hungry and malnutrition is important to the health of children. If students are hungry and malnutrition, they will get ill and will result in giving up education in that they have no power and money to study, which will cause negative affects for the society. Sachs (2008) states that most ill children give up going to school forever because of healthy problem. Furthermore girls who have not been educated appear to have no consciousness about serious diseases, such as HIV and AIDS. Countries such as Brazil and Bangladesh are implementing policies to overcome this problem; such supporting scholarships for girls or stipends to their parents where needed. Girls are inspired spending more time in school and marrying in older age, paying more attention to health care. Finally, both fertility and mortality will be apparently lower; the social problem of population may be alleviated. The effect of education on employment, which is one of the most important factors in the society, has been becoming stronger and stronger. Employment is associated with individual income, the families’ life quality and the social development. In addition, unemployment can cause hunger, poverty and social problems, such as crime . In China, because of the serious employment situation, there are numerous graduates who are unemployed every year. It seems that if someone has low level education, the opportunity to be employed is quite small. In contrast, those who achieved high level education will have more chance to be successful and have high salary. Evidence suggests that literate abilities have large economic impacts on individual income and on development of countries (Hanushek and Woessmann, 2007) and that workers’ efficiency are decided by both the time and content of education (Heckman, Layne-Farrar, and Todd 1995; Murnane, Willett, and Levy 1995). However, because most people in European or North American countries focus on high level education, the supply and demand for high-tech skilled workers is imbalanced now. Williams (2009) states that the demand for skilled workers is greater than the supply. Therefore high-tech education seems to be an opportunity for someone who is illiterate and it may relieve the severe employment situation. Finally, it will have a positive impact on social development. In addition, since politic is based on economy and society, education of different grades could also be thought as one of the main causes which affects politic well. Firstly, universal primary and secondary education can stabilize the society and country, which is the base of the development of a country, especially in African countries. Basic education offers uneducated child and adult knowledge that can instruct them to contribute to their society and country instead of committing crimes to make a living. According to Brown (2008), the implementation of a school lunch programme in some African countries have kept students staying at school longer, studying to gain a proper knowledge of behaving well but not follow terrorism that does serious harm to countries. Basic education of individuals also keeps people’s life over a good level. Furthermore, education is an efficient way to narrow the gap between the rich and poor that could lead to the conflict between different classes. Such situation could result in the revolution and leads to the turbulence of the country, which is considered as a serious threaten to societies and countries as well as the terrorism (Sen cited by Brown 2008). Furthermore, education also improves the political environment of countries. Primary and secondary education that can be conducted widely in countries promotes the national quality of countries, which make people have more knowledge and participate in political activities such as elections. Moreover, women benefit politically from education. Women political status is greatly increased by the different grade of education received. In all ages, in male dominated and traditional communities, girls’ education is considered as unnecessary luxury in that men fear that woman independence would threaten their main position in the political area (Plan 2008). Education on girls and women can ameliorate this unfair situation. The ignorance of educating women has done great harm to some African countries. World Bank (2008) issued that Human Development Network that the damage of failing to educate girls as boys in 65 â€Å"low and middle income and transitional countries† is about 92 billion dollars per year (cited in Plan 2008). Such a shocking number shows that creating a fair political environment will bring countries great good and the vital impacts of education on politics. Not only the universal education but also the tertiary one contributes to the development of politic of countries. Government of both developing and developed countries invests great quantity of expenses in tertiary education. The research of Yao, John, Shunming and Xiliang (2008) shows that the policy of education of China pays more attention to improving tertiary education. Such policy results in the situation that more and more talented politicians trained and elected from the country. One of other countries which focus on higher education is United States. Statistics shows that 8 out of 10 best universities in the world such as Harvard University and Massachusetts Inst Tech (MIT) come from United States, which means tertiary education of America greatly contributes to cultivating talents who is important to the development of American politics. Such great effort on improving tertiary education leads to a better consequence than China. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, one of the grandest president of United States, was sent to Groton School where is famous for training political talents. Then he majored politic science in Harvard University, which is the base of his success in political field. More than 10 of the America presidents come from these top universities, which shows the significant contributions tertiary do to the politics of United States. So, different grades of education can greatly promote politic of countries which also pushes the procedure of spreading education. The more education affects politic the more it promotes education. Universal education has great impacts on the development of countries in three main aspects. Firstly, it promotes the economy of countries worldwide, changing the life of people in poverty and improving the national strength. Secondly, education also contributes to the balance of the population of the world, including fertility and health care of different people, and the employment of countries which are important factors that influences countries’ procedure of development of society. Finally, different grades of education improve the politic development of countries. It stabilizes countries in poverty through primary and secondary education and improves the political environment through the tertiary one. Therefore, education counts in the development of countries, so improving the education of different levels in order to benefit countries in different aspects is an important issue for people to consider.

The, Beauty, And Beauty - 1573 Words

Society has continually appreciated and treasured beauty. In literature, attractiveness generally epitomizes an admirable protagonist, while unattractiveness illustrates the abominable antagonist. As children we are coached, without even realizing it, to prize beauty. For me, beauty is an authentic idiosyncratic matter. Beauty is a soaring snug of both body and mind. The body manifests exoteric beauty and the mind the inner world. One would be fruitless without the other. A newborn baby is beautiful in his innocence, a bride is alluring in her unique grandeur, and a mother has the most delicately exquisite smile while holding her baby. It is the grace of each contented moment, which stays, and is worth cherishing. Nevertheless, in the†¦show more content†¦Cosmetic surgery is an element of plastic surgery that alters and revamps a personage’s appearance to make them glean an augmented look. People of every race and culture have gone to extremes in the name of beauty. From perilously formulating corsets in Victorian times, to foot binding in China and nose jobs in 800 B.C. India (Melody, 1998). While plastic surgery has been around since ancient times, it has only recently being acknowledged by the masses. Contrasting television programs (for instance: ‘I want a famous face’, MTV, ‘The Swan’, Fox, and ‘Extreme Makeover’, ABC Family) and endorsements by different hospitals and doctors unmasks the public to this world. Reality television and type publication embraces the topic due to its shock value; however, the public further, is eventually being acclimatized to the interpretation of plastic surgery. Print and electronic media, in this case emblazons newfangled fairy tales. They all use a bourgeois formula; take a boilerplate, despondent individual, mutate her appearance and after a surgical transfiguration, she is magically triumphed. This is where design ethics comes in. It is made to believe, that plastic surgeons consistently make mountains out of molehills (Parton, 2013). The number of plastic surgery procedures has heightened